THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN.

 

  The educational system of G.B. is extreamely complex and bewilder- ing.It is very difficult to generalise about particular types of schools as schools differ from one to the other. The departament of education and science is responsible for national educational policy,but it doesnOt employe teacher or prescribe corricular or text books. Each school has itOs own board of governers consisting of teachers, parents, local politicians, members of local community, businessmen and sometimes pupils. According to the law only one subject is compulsary. Such as religious instruction. Schooling for children is compulsary from 5 to 16, though some provision is made for children under 5 and some pupils remain at school after 16 to prepare for higher education. The state school system is usually devided into 2 stages (secondary and primary). The majority of primary schools are mixed.They are subdevided into infant schools(ages 5 to 7),and junior schools(ages 7 to11). In junior schools pupils were often placed in A,B,C or D-streams, according to their abilities. Under the pressue of progressive parents and teachers the 11+ examination has now been abolished in most parts of the country. There are some types of schools in G.B.Grammar schools provided an academical cause for selected pupils from the age of 11 to 18. Only those children who have the best results are admitted to these schools. They give pupils a high level of academic education wich can lead to the university. Technical Schools offer a general education with a techni- cal bias and serve those pupils who are more mecanically minded. The corricular includes more science and mathematics. Secondary modern schools were formed to provide a non-academic education for children of lesser attainment. The corricular includes more practical subjects. The comprehensive schools brings about a general improvement in the system of secondary education.

 

 

 

BRITISH EDUCATION

 

     British education emas us to develop fully the abilities  of

individuals,  for  their  own  benefit and of society as a whole.

Compulsory schooling takes place  between  the  agers  of  5  and

16, but some pupils remain at shool for 2 years more,  to prepare

for further higher education.  Post shool education is  organized

flaxebly, to  provide  a wide range of opportunities for academic

and vacational education and to  continue  studying  through  out

life.

     Administration of  state  schools  is   decentralised.   The

department of  education  and science is responsible for national

education policy,  but it doesn't run  any  schools,  if  doesn't

employ teachers, or prescribe corricular or textbooks. All shools

are given a considerable amount of freedom.  According to the law

only one subject is compulsary. That is religious instruction.

     Children recieve preschool education under the age of  5  in

nursery schools or in infant's classes in primary schools.

     Most pupils receive free education finenst from public fonds

and the small proportions attend schools wholy independent.  Most

independent schools are single-sex,  but  the  number  of  mixing

schools is growing.

     Education within  the  mantained  schools   system   usually

comprises two  stages:  primary and secondary education.  Primary

schools are  subdevided  into  infant  schools (ages  5 - 7), and

junior  schools  (ages  7 - 11).  Infant schools are informal and

children are encouraged to read,  write and make use  of  numbers

and develop the creative abilities. Primary children do all their

work with the same class teacher exept for PT and music. The work

is beist upon the pupils interests as far as possible.

     The junior stage extence over four years. Children have  set

pirits of arithmetic,  reading,  composition,  history, geography

nature study and others.  At this stage of schooling pupils  were

often placed in A, B, C and D streams  according their abilities.

The most able children were put in the A stream, the list able in

the D  stream.  Till  reccantly most junior shool children had to

seat for the eleven-plus examination.  It usually consisted of an

arithmetic paper and an entelligent test.

     According to the results of the exam children  are  sent  to

Grammar, Technical or Secondary modern schools.

     So called comprehansive schools began to appear after  World

War 2.  They are muchly mixed schools which can provide education

for over 1000 pupils.  Ideally they provide all the courses given

in Grammar, Technical and Secondary modern schools.

     By the law all children  must  receive  full-time  education

between the  ages  of 5 and 16.  Formally each child can remain a

school for a further 2 or 3 years and continue his studies in the

sixth form  up  to  the  age  of 18 or 19.  The course is usually

subdevided into the lower 6 and the upper 6.  The  corricular  is

narrowed to 5 subjects of which a pupil can choose 2 or 3.

     The main  examinations  for  secondary  school  pupils   are

general  certeficate  of education (the GCE) exam and certificate

of secondary education (the CSE) exam.  The GSE exam is  held  at

two levels:  ordinary  level  (0  level)  and  advanced  level (A

level).

     Candidats set for 0 level papers at 15 - 16 years away.  GCE

level is usually taken at the end on  the  sixth  form.  The  CSE

level exam  is  taken after 5 years of secondary education by the

pupils who are of everage abilities of their age.